本文旨在探究自我覺察的工夫在宋明新儒家實踐哲學與當代諮商心理學兩個東西方學術傳統脈絡下的論述與實踐方法，並綜述兩者之間的異同，以期為當代社會的人格陶冶或品德教育提供一些未來發展的建議。本文首先簡要地說明人格養成與品德教育在當代社會中的重要性，接著分別論述「自我覺察」在宋明新儒家學術傳統中的定義和內涵，以及其在諮商心理學理論與實踐中所扮演的關鍵角色，最後，再比較自我覺察在兩種不同學術傳統中的異同，並提出相關的結論與建議，以期進一步地讓自我覺察成為提升人格發展與品德教育的關鍵助力。

This article aims to explore the discussion and practice methods of self-awareness in the context of two Eastern and Western academic traditions, Neo-Confucian practical philosophy and contemporary counseling psychology, and review the similarities and differences between both of them, with a view to providing insights into personality cultivation or character education in contemporary society and some suggestions for future development. This article first briefly explains the importance of personality cultivation and character education in contemporary society, and then discusses the definition and connotation of "self-awareness" in the Neo-Confucian academic tradition, as well as its role in the theory and practice of counseling psychology. Finally, it compares the similarities and differences of self-awareness in two different academic traditions, and puts forward relevant conclusions and suggestions, with a view to further making self-awareness as a key force in improving personality development and character education.