| 朱熹的物思維──兼論牟宗三與楊儒賓的五行論 |
| Zhu Xi on Things– with a Discussion on Mou Zongsan and Yang Rur-bin’s Thinking of the Five Phases |
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| 作者 |
林維杰 |
| Author |
Lin, Wei-chieh |
| 關鍵詞 |
物的分類、
五行、
象徵、
牟宗三、
楊儒賓
|
| Keywords |
classification of things,
wuxing,
symbol,
Mou Zongsan,
Yang Rur-bin
|
| 摘要 |
本文探索朱熹的物思維，並兼涉牟宗三與楊儒賓關於五行物
的見解。在進入正式討論前，本文先以海德格的「物的物性」做
為探討物思維的基調，並對商周等古代文獻中涉及的物概念進行
初步分類：自然物、人造物與基源物（陰陽五行）。之後通過牟
宗三與楊儒賓關於五行的基源物討論，進一步分析精神與材質、
自然與超自然的關係，並指出其中涵蘊著一種象徵意涵，即異質
者之間的符號學意義。進入朱子的物思維世界後，本文認為格物
是其物思維的關鍵議題，並由此考察與分類了五種物及其物性，
包含自然物、倫理物、基源物、主體物與書籍物，且以陰陽五行
之氣與道德性理做為兩種基本物性。最後討論的觀物態度則讓我
們認識到朱子教法的關鍵處，此即「觀看」的角度與尺度。觀看
時必須以物自己的角度來觀看，而不是出自觀看者的角度。 |
| Abstract |
This article explores Zhu Xi’s thinking about “thing” and also
discusses Mou Zong-san and Yang Rur-bin‘s views on the Five-
Phase-thing (wuxingwu). In the first half of the paper, I use
Heidegger’s concept of “the thingness of things” as the fundamental
principle of this research for examining the thinking on thing and
provide a preliminary classification of the concepts of “thing” found
in ancient texts from the Shang and Zhou dynasties. These sorts of
things include the following types: natural, artificial, and original
(Yinyang and Wuxing). Drawing on Mou Zongsan and Yang Rur-bin’s
discussion of the Five Phases as original things, this article further
analyzes the relationship between the material and the spiritual, the
natural and the supernatural, and suggests a symbolic implication,
namely, the semiotic meaning between heterogeneous entities. Upon
entering Zhu Xi’s world of things, this article argues that the
“Investigation of things (gewu)” is a key topic of his philosophy.
Based on this, it examines and categorizes five types of things and
their thingness：： they are things of the natural, the ethical, the original,
and even the subject and the book. It then identifies the material
essence (the qi of yinyang and wuxing) and the moral essence as the
two fundamental models of thingness. The final discussion of the
attitude toward “viewing things” allows us to understand the key to
Zhu Xi’s teachings: the perspective and measure of “viewing.”Viewing must be from the perspective of the thing itself, not from the
perspective of the viewer. |
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